The Lighthouse Diary #69: A Model Text for the Exploratory Essay 1 of 2

We kicked off our Extended Essay (EE) Journey last February, around the third week and we have been dwelling in topic selection; identifying sources that will inform us of breadth and depth of topics, using thinking tools such as the KWL-I Chart and Mind Maps to see connections and organize our thinking. Add to this is the relearning of Managebac as a platform to document our reflections as we learn and navigate in the EE. In previous years we would require our students to write a topic/research proposal and present it to a panel. Realizing the importance of "thinking slow" in this phase of the EE, and how crucial research and inquiry are, we thought of writing an Exploratory Essay. To help our students in this exercise, we sent and showed them model texts. 

Below is one of them, written by me.

Exploratory Essay: Understanding Intertextuality as Literary Theory and Strategy in Selected Songs and Music Videos of BTS

By Ms. Zee 😊

Of the varied specialized dictionaries, I used to establish a definition of Intertextuality, it is Julia Kristeva’s work that is consistently mentioned. Graham Allen’s recent work on Intertextuality (2020), which has a comprehensive and extensive coverage, is cited as well. These are the two scholars who have written extensively on the topic of Intertextuality; therefore, I will make time to do research on their publications to deepen and extend my knowledge on my chosen topic. For my exploratory essay, I will focus on establishing basic but foundational knowledge on Intertextuality.

 Kristeva posits that Intertextuality is a relationship between and among texts. This interplay of texts not only echo each other but undergo a transposition– something familiar and yet, it offers something new. Expressed through anagram, allusion, adaptation, parody, pastiche, imitation and other kinds of transformation, texts are drawn to establish an interdependence that emulsifies and amplifies meaning. The overlaying of texts is nuanced with the traces of texts from other sources, thus, the discourse surrounding this transformed text becomes padded. It offers the reader a variety of points of view and perspectives. The reader’s knowledge of different forms, genres and kinds of text is key in the understanding and appreciation of intertextual texts as a work of literature (Matrix Education n.d). When taken as a media product, texts that are produced using intertextuality have the power to hold the audience’s or the reader’s reckoning of contents or brands. In this case, Intertextuality when viewed as a theory allows open discussions on sources of information, knowledge and literature either literary or non-literary. Zengin (2016) further expands the theory of intertextuality as both an act of authorial production and reader perception. The meaning of an intertext is set upon its creation by the author but this evolves and changes depending on the reader’s interaction with the text. Intertextuality then becomes a never-ending process of meaning-making.

This brings to light the music video of Spring Day by the KPop group, BTS. There are three notable scenes and images that are fused together. The effect is an intriguing, almost luminous, message on loss, longing and the desire for justice in a seemingly hopeless world. The explicit use of Omelas to name a hotel/dorm harkens to Ursula Le Guin’s riveting short story; the lone train traveling in a wintry landscape is reminiscent of the post-apocalyptic movie, Snowpiercer (2013); and the folkloric image of a pair of shoes hanging in a tree branch magnifies the yearning for freedom and individuation. These borrowed texts provide a layered and emotionally textured narrative that invite viewers to discuss and reinterpret the message through literary appropriation, allusion and socio-cultural phenomenon. Even the song lyrics are picked up by fans and casual audiences contributing to a rich discourse on pop-culture and its relevance of storytelling to the human condition (Lazore, 2024). By referencing images and literary elements from a short story, a movie and folkloric beliefs, Spring Day as a song and music video transforms into a story that fans and casual viewers discover as both mystical and illuminating evoking a variety of emotions and multiple interpretations. Spring Day has never left the MelOn Charts since its release in 2017. It has won numerous awards in South Korea and has been performed in different artistic forms since then.

Illustrator of the Month: Juno Abreu

The Bologna Children's Book fair is on going as I type this feature article in my blog. Our book series, the Disaster Kids Series: Earthquake, Flood, Fire and Volcanic Eruption (Gagatiga and Abreu, 2025 Lampara Books) is on display right now at the Bologna Children's Book Fair. Of the 120 books selected in the rights catalog, our series made it. How timely that Juno Abreu, architect and illustrator of children's books sent over his answers to my questions for a blog interview.

And so, a few weeks after the successful launching of the Disaster Ready Kids Series at the Philippine Book Festival, Juno shares his creative process more extensively in this blog interview.

1. Each book in the Disaster-Ready Kids series tackles a different kind of calamity, yet your illustrations maintain a cohesive visual identity. How did you develop the overall look and emotional tone for the series?

I started by researching the target age group and the types of disasters that would be covered in the series. I wanted to create a visual identity that would be both engaging and reassuring for young readers. I experimented with different styles, I tried doing them traditionally with watercolors but I guess the look doesn’t exactly work on the series, so I tried doing them digitally and found a new style for the overall look, this is actually the first time I did the illustrations in this kind of style and I really liked how it turned out and found a cohesive look that would work across various disaster scenarios. I settled on a warm, inviting color palette to create a sense of depth and texture. Throughout the series, I aimed to maintain a consistent  emotional tone that would help children feel empowered and prepared, rather than scared or overwhelmed.

2. Your characters show such expressive faces– from fear to courage to relief. What’s your process in capturing the emotions of children in high-stress or emergency situations?

Capturing the emotions of children in high-stress or emergency situations requires a thoughtful and empathetic approach. To get into the right mindset, I try to imagine how a child might feel in a given situation - whether it’s fear, anxiety, or courage. I remembered feeling a bit anxious while doing the illustrations for putting and imagining myself in these scenarios. Hehe.

Also, this is kinda embarrassing to admit, I’m not sure if other artists do this too, what I do is, I put a mirror on my work desk and do the facial expressions myself and use it as reference. Haha! 

When illustrating a scene, I try to tap into the emotional tone of the story and convey it through the characters’ faces and body language. I believe that by showing a range of emotions, we can help children understand that it’s okay to feel scared or overwhelmed, but also that they have the power to stay safe and take action.

3. From fire to flood, you’ve illustrated a wide range of disasters. Were there particular scenes or scenarios that challenged you the most as an artist?

    One of the most challenging scenes and also my favorite spread was the volcanic eruption. I had to research and accurately depict the safety measures and precautions that people would take in such a situation, also, the details were much harder to do in terms of illustrating. 

Another challenging scenario was illustrating the earthquake scene. I had to balance the need to convey the danger and urgency of the situation with the need to avoid scaring or traumatizing young readers.

Overall, the biggest challenge was finding ways to depict potentially frightening or disturbing scenarios in a way that was both accurate and accessible to young readers.

4. What was it like working on  a series where your art could help children understand danger but also feel empowered and safe? What message did you hope your illustrations would carry?

Working on the Disaster-Ready Kids series was a rewarding and challenging experience. I hoped that my illustrations would carry a message of empowerment and resilience, showing children that they have the power to stay safe and take action in emergency situations. I hope that the Disaster-Ready Kids series will inspire young readers to take an active role in their own safety and well-being, and to develop a lifelong commitment to preparedness and resilience.

Visit Lampara Book's FB Page and IG account for updates on our books' availability. We can't wait to meet you again for book signing and photo ops!

The Disaster Ready Kids in Books Philippines Catalog, Bologna Children's Book Fair

 

View this post on Instagram

A post shared by Zarah Gagatiga (@zarahgeeh)